Spring is on its way, and with it comes seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, affecting millions of Americans each year. These allergies occur when the immune system reacts to airborne substances that are normally harmless, such as pollen and mold spores. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), seasonal allergic rhinitis is a major cause of illness, impacting both children and adults across the United States [CDC, 2023].
Causes of Seasonal Allergies
Exposure to allergens like tree, grass, and weed pollen, which vary by season, triggers seasonal allergies. Tree pollen tends to be most common in the early spring, grass pollen in the late spring and summer, and weed pollen—such as ragweed—peaks in the fall. Mold spores, which thrive in moist conditions, can also trigger allergic reactions and are common in outdoor and indoor environments [NIH, 2022].
When someone with allergies breathes in these substances, their immune system reacts, which can cause inflammation and common allergy symptoms.
Symptoms of Hay Fever
Symptoms of seasonal allergies can vary in intensity but often include:
- Sneezing
- Runny or congested nose
- Itchy, watery eyes
- Scratchy throat or ears
- Sinus pressure or headaches
- Fatigue or disrupted sleep
According to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), these symptoms can interfere with sleep, concentration, and overall quality of life [NIH/NIAID, 2022].
Diagnosis and Treatment
A healthcare provider can diagnose seasonal allergies based on symptoms, medical history, and sometimes allergy testing. There is no cure, but there are several strategies to minimize the impact of allergies.
Treatment options include:
- Avoidance: Stay indoors when pollen counts are high, use air purifiers, and keep windows closed.
- Medications: Antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays (such as Flonase), and decongestants can relieve symptoms. These are available over the counter or by prescription.
- Immunotherapy: Allergy shots or tablets can help desensitize the immune system over time, especially for severe or persistent allergies [CDC, 2023].
Prevention Tips
- Shower and change clothes after being outdoors.
- Monitor daily pollen levels using weather apps or websites.
- Use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters indoors.
- Dry laundry indoors during high pollen seasons to avoid bringing allergens inside.
So, don't let Spring get you down. Take steps to head off your allergies, and if they are more than you can manage alone, see your doctor.
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